Professor of Applied Economics and Idaho Wheat Commission Bill Flory Endowed Chair in Risk Management, University of Idaho
Publications
* denotes a student coauthor when the majority of the work was completed; # denotes corresponding author when different from the first author. See also Google Scholar, my University of Idaho VERSO profile, and my CV, which additionally lists extension bulletins and other outreach publications.
Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles
Zhang, Q., and Etienne, X.L. Trust, self-efficacy, and risk: Behavioral drivers of consumer acceptance of gene editing and nanotechnology in poultry production. Forthcoming. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics.
K C, S.*, Etienne, X.L.#, and Trujillo-Barrera, A. Vertical price transmission in food markets: New evidence from meta-analysis. Forthcoming. Agribusiness: An International Journal. doi
Thomas, P.*, and Etienne, X.L.# Do tax policies affect the natural gas industry? Evidence based on panel vector autoregressions. Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 21(1), 2685835. doi
Zhao, M.*, Etienne, X.L., Tejeda, H.#, and Trujillo-Barrera, A. 2026. What dairy processors say about net zero: Insights from industry leaders. Forthcoming. Applied Economics Education and Extension.
Zhao, M.*, Etienne, X.L., Tejeda, H., and Trujillo-Barrera, A.# 2026. Net zero by 2050: Is dairy processing ready? An evaluation of the top dairy companies’ emissions reduction goals. Choices, 41(1), 1–9. doi
Etienne, X.L., Durongkadej, I., and Scarcioffolo, A. 2026. Policy uncertainty and tail risk in energy futures: The role of maturity and storage capacity constraints. Forthcoming. Journal of Financial Research. doi
Couleau, A., Trujillo-Barrera, A.#, and Etienne, X.L. 2026. Dynamic time series momentum: The case of intraday coffee futures prices. Journal of Commodity Markets, 41, 100537. doi
Thomas, P.*, Collins, A., and Etienne, X.L.# 2026. State-level policies and renewable energy generation in the United States. Utilities Policy, 98, 102080. doi
Lai, T.*, Etienne, X.L., Hu, Z.#, and Peng, K. 2026. Price bubbles and contributing factors: Evidence from the Chinese urea fertilizer market. Applied Economics Letters, 33(9), 1449–1453. doi
Khurana, R.*, Elbakidze, L., and Etienne, X.L.# 2025. Institutional integrity and carbon emissions. Forthcoming. Applied Economics. doi
Li, Y.*, Huang, K., Guan, Z.#, and Etienne, X.L. 2025. From surplus to deficit: Decoding the fundamental shift in U.S. agricultural trade. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 47(5), 1774–1790. doi
Nie, F., Etienne, X.L., Li, J.#, and Hu, H.* 2025. Trade liberalization and manufacturing robot adoption: Evidence from Chinese free trade agreements. China Economic Review, 94, 102531. doi
Etienne, X.L., Li, B.#, and Liu, R. 2025. Detangling risk premiums: Common and idiosyncratic components of commodity futures. Journal of Futures Markets, 45(9), 1409–1427. doi
MacLachlan, M.J., Adjemian, M.K., Etienne, X.L., Sweitzer, M., Volpe III, R., and Zeng, W. 2025. Adaptive food price forecasts enhance public information during rapid economic changes. Nature Communications, 16, 6282. doi
Hu, Z., Yan, L., Yuan, J.*, and Etienne, X.L.# 2025. Deconstructing fertilizer price spikes: Evidence from the Chinese urea fertilizer market. Food Policy, 133, 102829. doi
Huang, K.*, Etienne, X.L.#, and Sant’Anna, A.C. 2025. Risk perceptions, risk preferences, and consumer willingness-to-pay for improved food safety. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, 57(3), 514–543. doi
Xu, Y., Wang, L.*, Li, J.#, and Etienne, X.L. 2025. The impact of trading volume on liquidity and price in futures markets: Disentangling the role of informed trading. Agribusiness: An International Journal, 41(2), 342–362. doi
Nading, M.*, Etienne, X.L.#, Trujillo-Barrera, A., Hatzenbuehler, P., and Wilder, B. 2024. Factors influencing wheat marketing decisions: Insights from Idaho focus groups. Western Economics Forum, 22(1), 65–76. doi
Wang, L.*, Etienne, X.L.#, and Li, J. 2024. Food–fuel nexus beyond mean–variance: New evidence from a quantile approach. Journal of Commodity Markets, 36, 100441. doi
Baffes, J., and Etienne, X.L.# 2024. Yield growth patterns of food commodities: Insights and challenges? PLoS ONE, 19(11), e0313088. Also issued as World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 10990. doi
Hand, T.*, Etienne, X.L., Tejeda, H., and Trujillo-Barrera, A.# 2024. U.S. dairy going toward net zero: What do Idaho dairy producers say? Choices, 39(4), 1–8. doi
Thomas, P.*, Collins, A., Etienne, X.L.#, and Mugabe, D. 2024. Impacts of state tax and resource ownership policies on extraction: Evidence from U.S. natural gas production. Energy Economics, 138, 107869. doi
Li, J.*, Zhang, Q., and Etienne, X.L.# 2024. Optimal carbon emission reduction path of the building sector: Evidence from China. Science of the Total Environment, 170553. doi
Etienne, X.L., Farhangdoost, S.*, Hoffman, L.A., and Adam, B. 2023. An alternative method to forecast the season-average farm price of corn in the U.S. Journal of Commodity Markets, 30, 100333. doi
Nie, F., Li, J.#, and Etienne, X.L. 2023. Impact of outward foreign direct investment on Chinese firms’ financialization and servitization. China & World Economy, 31(2), 112–136. doi
Li, J.*, Irwin, S.H., and Etienne, X.L. 2023. Do extreme CIT position levels have market impacts in grain futures markets? Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, 54(4), 792–814. doi
Xu, Y., Elbakidze, L., and Etienne, X.L. 2022. Unconventional oil and gas production and agricultural land use in the United States. Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 48(2), 219–236. doi
Zhang, Q., Etienne, X.L., Wang, Z.#, and Ding, R. 2022. Reducing coal overcapacity in China: A new perspective of optimizing local officials’ promotion system. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. doi
Nuñez, H., Trujillo-Barrera, A., and Etienne, X.L. 2022. Declining integration in the U.S. natural gas market. Resources Policy, 78, 102872. doi
Khurana, R.*, Mugabe, D.*, and Etienne, X.L. 2022. Climate change, natural disasters, and institutional integrity. World Development, 157, 105931. doi
Shakya, S.*, Li, B., and Etienne, X.L.# 2022. Shale revolution, rig activities, and oil and gas prices in the United States. Energy Economics, 108, 105877. doi
Huang, K.*, and Etienne, X.L.# 2021. Impact of Marcellus and Utica shale exploitation on Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia regional economies: A synthetic control analysis. Papers in Regional Science, 100(6), 1449–1479. doi
Huang, K.*, Sant’Anna, A.C., and Etienne, X.L. 2021. How did COVID-19 impact U.S. household food spending? An analysis six months in. PLoS ONE, 16(9), e0256921. doi
Scarcioffolo, A.*, and Etienne, X.L. 2021. Testing directional predictability between energy prices: A quantile-based analysis. Resources Policy, 74, 102258. doi
Zhang, S.*, Collins, A.#, Etienne, X.L., and Ding, R. 2021. The environmental effects of international trade in China: Measuring the mediating effects of technology spillovers of import trade on industrial air pollution. Sustainability, 13, 6895. doi
Scarcioffolo, A.*, and Etienne, X.L. 2021. Regime switching energy market volatility: The role of economic policy uncertainty. International Review of Economics and Finance, 76, 336–356. doi
Huang, K.*, and Etienne, X.L.# 2021. Do natural hazards in the Gulf Coast still matter for the state-level natural gas prices in the United States after the rise of new production states? Energy Economics, 98, 105267. doi
Jiang, W.*, Paudel, S.*, Amarasekara, N.*, Zhang, Y., Etienne, X.L., Jones, L.*, Li, K.*, Hansen, F., Jaczynski, J., and Shen, C.# 2021. Survey of small produce growers’ perception of antibiotic resistance issues at farmers markets. Food Control, 125, 1079–1097. doi
Lawson, J.*, Alam, M.R.#, and Etienne, X.L. 2021. Speculation and food-grain prices. Applied Economics, 53, 2305–2321. doi
Ismailova, Z.*, Etienne, X.L.#, Shakya, S.*, and Mattos, F. 2020. Quantifying the announcement effects in the U.S. lumber futures market. Journal of Forest Economics, 35(4), 375–395. doi
Wang, J., Etienne, X.L.#, and Ma, Y. 2020. Deregulation, technical efficiency, and production risk in rice farming: Evidence from Zhejiang, China. China Agricultural Economic Review, 12(4), 605–622. doi
Aratuo, D.N.*, Etienne, X.L., Fryson, D.M., and Gebremedhin, T. 2019. Revisiting the tourism–economic growth nexus: Evidence from the United States. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(9), 3779–3798. doi
Maples, W., Brorsen, B.W., and Etienne, X.L. 2019. Hedging effectiveness of fertilizer swaps. Applied Economics, 51(53), 5793–5801. doi
Etienne, X.L., Ferrara, G., and Mugabe, D.* 2019. How efficient is maize production among smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe? A comparison of semiparametric and parametric frontier efficiency analyses. Applied Economics, 51(26), 2855–2871. doi
Scarcioffolo, A.*, and Etienne, X.L.# 2019. How connected are the U.S. regional natural gas markets in the post-deregulation era? Evidence from time-varying connectedness analysis. Journal of Commodity Markets, 15, 1–18. doi
Aratuo, D.N.*, and Etienne, X.L.# 2019. Industry-level analysis of tourism–economic growth in the United States. Tourism Management, 70, 333–340. doi
Etienne, X.L., Irwin, S.H., and Garcia, P. 2018. Speculation and corn prices. Applied Economics, 50(44), 4724–4744. doi
Franken, J., Garcia, P., Irwin, S.H., and Etienne, X.L. 2018. Information transmission between livestock futures and expert price forecasts. Journal of Agribusiness, 36(1), 21–39. doi
Li, J.*, Chavas, J.-P., Etienne, X.L., and Li, L. 2017. Commodity price bubbles and macroeconomics: Evidence from Chinese agricultural markets. Agricultural Economics, 48(6), 755–768. doi
Etienne, X.L., Trujillo-Barrera, A., and Hoffman, L.A. 2017. Volatility spillover and time-varying conditional correlation between DDGS, corn, and soybean meal markets. Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, 46(3), 529–554. doi
Etienne, X.L., and Yu, J.# 2017. Inverse price spread and illiquid trading in South Korea’s emissions trading scheme. Carbon Management, 8(3), 225–235. doi
Etienne, X.L., Mallory, M., and Irwin, S.H. 2017. Estimating the cost of pre-harvest forward contracting corn and soybeans in Illinois before and after 2007. Agribusiness: An International Journal, 33(3), 358–377. doi
Wiggins, S.*, and Etienne, X.L. 2017. Turbulent times: Uncovering the origins of U.S. natural gas price fluctuations since deregulation. Energy Economics, 64, 196–205. doi
Etienne, X.L. 2017. Irrational exuberance in the Chinese iron ore market? Applied Economics Letters, 24(16), 1161–1166. doi
Etienne, X.L., Irwin, S.H., and Garcia, P. 2017. New evidence that index traders did not drive bubbles in grain futures markets. Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 42(1), 45–67. doi
Etienne, X.L., Trujillo-Barrera, A., and Wiggins, S.* 2016. Price and volatility transmissions between natural gas, fertilizer, and corn markets. Agricultural Finance Review, 76(1), 151–171. doi
Baffes, J., and Etienne, X.L. 2016. Analyzing food price trends in the context of Engel’s Law and the Prebisch–Singer hypothesis. Oxford Economic Papers, 68(3), 688–713. doi
Hoffman, L., Etienne, X.L., Irwin, S.H., Colino, E.V., and Toasa, J. 2015. Forecast performance of WASDE price projections for corn. Agricultural Economics, 46(s1), 157–171. doi
Etienne, X.L., Irwin, S.H., and Garcia, P. 2015. $25 Minneapolis wheat was a bubble, right? Agricultural Finance Review, 75(1), 114–132. doi
Etienne, X.L., Irwin, S.H., and Garcia, P. 2015. Price explosiveness, speculation, and grain futures prices. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 97(1), 65–87. doi
Etienne, X.L., Irwin, S.H., and Garcia, P. 2014. Bubbles in food commodity markets: Four decades of evidence. Journal of International Money and Finance, 42, 129–155. doi
Colino, E.V., Irwin, S.H., Garcia, P., and Etienne, X.L. 2012. Composite and outlook forecast accuracy. Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 37(2), 228–246. doi
Papers Under Review and in Preparation
Dhakal, A.*, Etienne, X.L., and Trujillo-Barrera, A. Impact of weather disturbances on wheat price spread. Revise and resubmit, Agribusiness: An International Journal.
Zhang, Q., and Etienne, X.L. Framed by risk: Understanding consumer valuation of mobile poultry processing units in the United States. Under review.
Bastakoti, S.*, Etienne, X.L., and Tejeda, H.# From slaughter to supper: A spatial framework for modeling beef product flows and food miles in the United States. Under review.
Zhang, Q., and Etienne, X.L. Latent motives, information framing, and willingness to pay for animal welfare in poultry production. Under review.
Nie, F., Etienne, X.L., and Li, J.# Smarter infrastructure, smarter firms? Impact of urban metro-rail transit development on firms’ robot adoption in China. Under review.
Jo, J., Etienne, X.L., and Adjemian, M. Inflationary effects of biofuel policy shocks. Working paper.
K.C., S.*, Etienne, X.L., and Trujillo-Barrera, A. Machine learning meets meta-analysis: Vertical price transmission in food markets. Working paper.
Adhikari, S.*, Etienne, X.L., Trujillo-Barrera, A., McConnell, M., and Adam, B. Estimating the impact of rising international production and trade on corn price dynamics. Working paper.
Farhangdoost, S.*, and Etienne, X.L. Forecasting natural gas prices in the shale boom era. Working paper.
Farhangdoost, S.*, and Etienne, X.L. Time-varying announcement effect of EIA inventory reports. Working paper.
Baffes, J., and Etienne, X.L. Food commodity price movements: Disentangling the role of supply–demand fundamentals. In progress.
Scarcioffolo, A., and Etienne, X.L. Energy price shocks: The case of the diesel market in Brazil. In progress.
Franken, J., Etienne, X.L., and Irwin, S.H. Farmland price bubbles. In progress.